Belajar bahasa Inggris pasti tidak lepas dari kesalahan, terutama dalam hal grammar. Kesalahan grammar yang sering dilakukan pemula sebenarnya cukup umum dan bisa diperbaiki dengan latihan yang konsisten. Yang penting adalah mengenali kesalahan tersebut agar tidak terus-menerus diulang.
Artikel ini membahas 25 kesalahan grammar yang paling sering dilakukan pemula beserta penjelasan dan cara memperbaikinya. Dengan memahami kesalahan-kesalahan ini, kamu bisa menghindarinya dan meningkatkan kemampuan bahasa Inggrismu dengan lebih cepat.
Mengapa Penting Mengenali Kesalahan Grammar?
Sebelum masuk ke daftar kesalahan, pahami dulu mengapa hal ini penting.
1. Mencegah Fossilization
Fossilization adalah ketika kesalahan menjadi kebiasaan yang sulit diperbaiki. Semakin cepat kamu mengenali kesalahan, semakin mudah memperbaikinya.
2. Meningkatkan Kepercayaan Diri
Ketika kamu tahu kesalahan umum dan cara menghindarinya, kamu akan lebih percaya diri saat berbicara atau menulis.
3. Komunikasi Lebih Efektif
Grammar yang benar membuat pesanmu lebih jelas dan mudah dipahami oleh lawan bicara.
4. Persiapan Tes
Tes seperti TOEFL, IELTS, dan ujian sekolah banyak menguji grammar. Menghindari kesalahan umum akan meningkatkan skormu.
Kesalahan dalam Penggunaan Verb (Kata Kerja)
Berikut kesalahan grammar terkait verb yang sering dilakukan pemula.
Kesalahan 1: Lupa Menambahkan s/es pada Verb
Dalam Simple Present Tense, verb untuk subject he/she/it harus ditambah s/es.
❌ Salah: She go to school every day.
✅ Benar: She goes to school every day.
❌ Salah: He watch TV every night.
✅ Benar: He watches TV every night.
❌ Salah: My mother cook dinner.
✅ Benar: My mother cooks dinner.
Cara mengingat: Untuk he/she/it, verb harus “berdandan” dengan s/es.
Kesalahan 2: Menggunakan Verb Bentuk Salah Setelah Modal
Setelah modal verb (can, will, must, should, dll), gunakan verb bentuk dasar (V1) tanpa to.
❌ Salah: She can speaks English.
✅ Benar: She can speak English.
❌ Salah: I will to go tomorrow.
✅ Benar: I will go tomorrow.
❌ Salah: You must to study hard.
✅ Benar: You must study hard.
Cara mengingat: Modal + V1 (tanpa s, tanpa to, tanpa -ing).
Kesalahan 3: Salah Menggunakan Verb Setelah To
Setelah “to” (infinitive), gunakan verb bentuk dasar.
❌ Salah: I want to going home.
✅ Benar: I want to go home.
❌ Salah: She decided to bought a car.
✅ Benar: She decided to buy a car.
❌ Salah: He needs to studies harder.
✅ Benar: He needs to study harder.
Kesalahan 4: Menggunakan Present untuk Kejadian Masa Lalu
Gunakan Past Tense untuk kejadian yang sudah terjadi.
❌ Salah: Yesterday I go to the mall.
✅ Benar: Yesterday I went to the mall.
❌ Salah: Last week she buy a new phone.
✅ Benar: Last week she bought a new phone.
❌ Salah: I see him two days ago.
✅ Benar: I saw him two days ago.
Kesalahan 5: Tidak Menggunakan Verb 3 dalam Present Perfect
Present Perfect menggunakan have/has + Verb 3.
❌ Salah: I have eat breakfast.
✅ Benar: I have eaten breakfast.
❌ Salah: She has went to Bali.
✅ Benar: She has gone to Bali.
❌ Salah: They have finish their homework.
✅ Benar: They have finished their homework.
Kesalahan dalam Penggunaan To Be
Berikut kesalahan grammar terkait to be yang sering dilakukan.
Kesalahan 6: Menggunakan To Be dengan Action Verb
Jangan gunakan to be (is/am/are) sebelum action verb dalam Simple Present.
❌ Salah: I am agree with you.
✅ Benar: I agree with you.
❌ Salah: She is like chocolate.
✅ Benar: She likes chocolate.
❌ Salah: They are want to go home.
✅ Benar: They want to go home.
Pengecualian: To be digunakan dalam continuous tense: I am eating (benar).
Kesalahan 7: Lupa Menggunakan To Be dengan Adjective
Adjective membutuhkan to be sebagai penghubung.
❌ Salah: She beautiful.
✅ Benar: She is beautiful.
❌ Salah: I hungry.
✅ Benar: I am hungry.
❌ Salah: They happy today.
✅ Benar: They are happy today.
Kesalahan 8: Salah Memilih To Be
Setiap subject memiliki to be yang sesuai.
❌ Salah: I is a student.
✅ Benar: I am a student.
❌ Salah: She are my friend.
✅ Benar: She is my friend.
❌ Salah: They was at home yesterday.
✅ Benar: They were at home yesterday.
Panduan:
| Subject | Present | Past |
|---|---|---|
| I | am | was |
| You/We/They | are | were |
| He/She/It | is | was |
Kesalahan dalam Membuat Kalimat Negatif dan Tanya
Berikut kesalahan saat membuat kalimat negatif dan pertanyaan.
Kesalahan 9: Lupa Auxiliary dalam Kalimat Negatif
Kalimat negatif Simple Present/Past membutuhkan do/does/did.
❌ Salah: I not like coffee.
✅ Benar: I do not like coffee.
❌ Salah: She not go to school yesterday.
✅ Benar: She did not go to school yesterday.
❌ Salah: He not speaks English.
✅ Benar: He does not speak English.
Kesalahan 10: Lupa Auxiliary dalam Pertanyaan
Pertanyaan Simple Present/Past membutuhkan do/does/did di awal.
❌ Salah: You like pizza?
✅ Benar: Do you like pizza?
❌ Salah: She went to school?
✅ Benar: Did she go to school?
❌ Salah: He speaks English?
✅ Benar: Does he speak English?
Kesalahan 11: Double Auxiliary
Jangan gunakan dua auxiliary sekaligus.
❌ Salah: Did you went to the party?
✅ Benar: Did you go to the party?
❌ Salah: Does she likes coffee?
✅ Benar: Does she like coffee?
❌ Salah: I didn’t went there.
✅ Benar: I didn’t go there.
Aturan: Setelah do/does/did, verb kembali ke bentuk dasar (V1).
Kesalahan 12: Double Negative
Dalam bahasa Inggris standar, jangan gunakan dua kata negatif.
❌ Salah: I don’t have no money.
✅ Benar: I don’t have any money.
❌ Salah: She didn’t see nobody.
✅ Benar: She didn’t see anybody.
❌ Salah: He never does nothing.
✅ Benar: He never does anything.
Kesalahan dalam Word Order (Urutan Kata)
Berikut kesalahan dalam menyusun urutan kata.
Kesalahan 13: Urutan Adjective Salah
Bahasa Inggris memiliki aturan urutan adjective.
❌ Salah: A wooden big table.
✅ Benar: A big wooden table.
❌ Salah: A red beautiful dress.
✅ Benar: A beautiful red dress.
Urutan adjective: Opinion → Size → Age → Shape → Color → Origin → Material → Purpose
Kesalahan 14: Posisi Adverb Salah
Adverb of frequency biasanya diletakkan sebelum main verb atau setelah to be.
❌ Salah: I go always to school by bus.
✅ Benar: I always go to school by bus.
❌ Salah: She is late never.
✅ Benar: She is never late.
❌ Salah: He eats usually breakfast at 7.
✅ Benar: He usually eats breakfast at 7.
Kesalahan 15: Posisi “Very Much” dan “A Lot”
“Very much” dan “a lot” diletakkan di akhir kalimat.
❌ Salah: I very much like pizza.
✅ Benar: I like pizza very much.
❌ Salah: She a lot enjoys swimming.
✅ Benar: She enjoys swimming a lot.
Kesalahan dalam Penggunaan Article (a, an, the)
Berikut kesalahan dalam menggunakan article.
Kesalahan 16: Salah Memilih a atau an
Gunakan “a” sebelum consonant sound, “an” sebelum vowel sound.
❌ Salah: A apple.
✅ Benar: An apple.
❌ Salah: An university.
✅ Benar: A university. (karena diucapkan “yuniversity”)
❌ Salah: A hour.
✅ Benar: An hour. (karena H tidak diucapkan)
Tips: Perhatikan SUARA, bukan huruf.
Kesalahan 17: Lupa Menggunakan Article
Countable noun singular membutuhkan article.
❌ Salah: I have car.
✅ Benar: I have a car.
❌ Salah: She is teacher.
✅ Benar: She is a teacher.
❌ Salah: I saw movie yesterday.
✅ Benar: I saw a movie yesterday.
Kesalahan 18: Menggunakan Article dengan Uncountable Noun
Uncountable noun tidak menggunakan a/an.
❌ Salah: I need an information.
✅ Benar: I need information. atau I need some information.
❌ Salah: She gave me an advice.
✅ Benar: She gave me advice. atau She gave me a piece of advice.
❌ Salah: I have a homework.
✅ Benar: I have homework.
Kesalahan dalam Penggunaan Preposition
Berikut kesalahan dalam menggunakan preposition.
Kesalahan 19: Salah Memilih In, On, At untuk Waktu
❌ Salah: I wake up in 6 AM.
✅ Benar: I wake up at 6 AM.
❌ Salah: She was born at 1990.
✅ Benar: She was born in 1990.
❌ Salah: The meeting is in Monday.
✅ Benar: The meeting is on Monday.
Panduan:
| Preposition | Penggunaan | Contoh |
|---|---|---|
| at | jam, waktu spesifik | at 7 AM, at noon, at night |
| on | hari, tanggal | on Monday, on July 4th |
| in | bulan, tahun, periode | in July, in 2024, in the morning |
Kesalahan 20: Salah Memilih In, On, At untuk Tempat
❌ Salah: She is on home.
✅ Benar: She is at home.
❌ Salah: I live at Jakarta.
✅ Benar: I live in Jakarta.
❌ Salah: The book is in the table.
✅ Benar: The book is on the table.
Panduan:
| Preposition | Penggunaan | Contoh |
|---|---|---|
| at | titik spesifik | at home, at school, at the station |
| in | di dalam, area | in Jakarta, in the room, in Indonesia |
| on | di atas permukaan | on the table, on the wall, on the floor |
Kesalahan dalam Penggunaan Pronoun
Berikut kesalahan dalam menggunakan pronoun.
Kesalahan 21: Salah Memilih Subject dan Object Pronoun
❌ Salah: Me and him went to school.
✅ Benar: He and I went to school.
❌ Salah: She gave the book to I.
✅ Benar: She gave the book to me.
❌ Salah: Her is my friend.
✅ Benar: She is my friend.
Panduan:
| Subject | Object |
|---|---|
| I | me |
| he | him |
| she | her |
| we | us |
| they | them |
Kesalahan 22: Salah Menggunakan Possessive
❌ Salah: This is her’s book.
✅ Benar: This is her book. atau This book is hers.
❌ Salah: The dog wagged it’s tail.
✅ Benar: The dog wagged its tail.
❌ Salah: Your’s is bigger than mine.
✅ Benar: Yours is bigger than mine.
Tips: Possessive pronoun (mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs) tidak pakai apostrophe.
Kesalahan Lainnya
Berikut kesalahan umum lainnya.
Kesalahan 23: Confusing Words
Beberapa kata sering tertukar penggunaannya.
Bored vs Boring: ❌ The movie was bored.
✅ The movie was boring. (film yang membosankan)
✅ I was bored. (saya yang bosan)
Its vs It’s: ❌ Its raining outside.
✅ It’s raining outside. (It’s = It is)
✅ The cat licked its paw. (its = possessive)
Your vs You’re: ❌ Your beautiful.
✅ You’re beautiful. (You’re = You are)
✅ This is your book. (your = possessive)
Their vs There vs They’re: ❌ Their going to the party.
✅ They’re going to the party. (They’re = They are)
✅ Their house is big. (their = possessive)
✅ The book is over there. (there = tempat)
Kesalahan 24: Salah Menggunakan Much dan Many
❌ Salah: I have much books.
✅ Benar: I have many books.
❌ Salah: She doesn’t have many money.
✅ Benar: She doesn’t have much money.
Panduan:
| Word | Untuk | Contoh |
|---|---|---|
| many | countable | many books, many people |
| much | uncountable | much water, much time |
Kesalahan 25: Redundancy (Pengulangan yang Tidak Perlu)
❌ Salah: Return back the book.
✅ Benar: Return the book.
❌ Salah: Repeat again, please.
✅ Benar: Repeat, please.
❌ Salah: The reason is because…
✅ Benar: The reason is that… atau It is because…
Tips Menghindari Kesalahan Grammar
Berikut tips untuk meminimalkan kesalahan grammar.
1. Baca Ulang Sebelum Submit
Selalu baca ulang tulisanmu untuk mengecek kesalahan yang mungkin terlewat.
2. Gunakan Grammar Checker
Manfaatkan tools seperti Grammarly atau LanguageTool untuk membantu mengecek grammar.
3. Pelajari dari Kesalahan
Setiap kali membuat kesalahan, catat dan pelajari agar tidak mengulanginya.
4. Praktik Secara Konsisten
Semakin banyak praktik menulis dan berbicara, semakin sedikit kesalahan yang kamu buat.
5. Minta Feedback
Jangan ragu meminta koreksi dari guru, teman, atau native speaker.
6. Baca Lebih Banyak
Membaca buku, artikel, atau konten bahasa Inggris membantu kamu terbiasa dengan struktur grammar yang benar.
Latihan Soal: Temukan Kesalahan
Coba temukan kesalahan dalam kalimat berikut dan perbaiki.
- She don’t like coffee.
- I am agree with your opinion.
- Yesterday I go to the beach.
- He can speaks three languages.
- I have much friends.
- The book is in the table.
- She gave the gift to I.
- I don’t have no money.
- He always is late.
- I want to going home.
Jawaban:
- She doesn’t like coffee.
- I agree with your opinion. (hilangkan “am”)
- Yesterday I went to the beach.
- He can speak three languages.
- I have many friends.
- The book is on the table.
- She gave the gift to me.
- I don’t have any money.
- He is always late.
- I want to go home.
Kesalahan grammar adalah bagian normal dari proses belajar. Yang penting adalah mengenali kesalahan, memahami aturannya, dan terus berlatih. Dengan konsistensi, kamu pasti bisa mengurangi kesalahan dan meningkatkan kemampuan bahasa Inggrismu.
Ingin belajar grammar dengan bimbingan profesional dan feedback langsung? Yuk, bergabung di Kampung Inggris Jakarta dan perbaiki grammar-mu dengan metode yang menyenangkan!
